Preventing gas from occupying a spray nozzle used in a process of scoring a hot glass sheet

ABSTRACT

A spray nozzle is used in a process of quenching a hot glass sheet during a laser scoring process or other high energy glass heating process. The nozzle is located in proximity to the glass sheet, creating gas in the liquid used to quench the glass while in the nozzle. The gas is removed from the quenching liquid. Then, the spray nozzle is used to spray the quenching liquid onto the sheet at a location trailing laser scoring of the sheet. The spray nozzle has a purge opening and tubing leading to a discharge location, and can have a sloped passageway that pre-stages gas bubbles near the purge opening. The spray nozzle can include a cooling coil passing around the nozzle passageway to cool the quenching liquid passing through the nozzle, and increase the solubility of bubbles in the quenching liquid.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/364,595, filed on Feb. 2, 2012, which is a divisional of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/466,554 filed on May 15, 2009, the contents ofwhich are relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety, and the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 is herebyclaimed.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The field is quenching a sheet of hot glass during the scoring processwith a jet of water.

2. Technical Background

A fusion process (e.g., downdraw process) forms high quality thin glasssheets that can be used in a variety of devices such as flat paneldisplays. Glass sheets produced in a fusion process have surfaces withsuperior flatness and smoothness when compared to glass sheets producedby other methods. The fusion process is described below with respect toFIG. 1 (Prior Art) but for a more detailed description refer toco-assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,338,696 and 3,682,609, which areincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary glass manufacturing system10 which utilizes the fusion process to make a glass sheet 12. As shown,the exemplary glass manufacturing system includes a melting vessel 14, afining vessel 16, a mixing vessel 18, a delivery vessel 20, a fusiondraw machine (FDM) 22, and a traveling anvil machine (TAM) 24. Typicallythe components 16, 18 and 20 are made from platinum orplatinum-containing metals, but they may also comprise other refractorymetals.

The melting vessel 14 is where the glass batch materials are introducedas shown by arrow 26 and melted to form molten glass 28. The meltingvessel 14 is connected to the fining vessel 16 by a melting to finingvessel connecting tube 30. The fining vessel 16 has a high temperatureprocessing area that receives the molten glass 28 (not shown at thispoint) from the melting vessel 14 and in which bubbles are removed fromthe molten glass 28. The fining vessel 16 is connected to the mixingvessel 18 by a finer to stir chamber connecting tube 32. And, the mixingvessel 18 is connected to the delivery vessel 20 by a stir chamber tobowl connecting tube 34. The delivery vessel 20 delivers the moltenglass 28 through a downcorner 36 into the FDM 22 which includes an inlet38, a forming vessel 40 (e.g., isopipe), and a pull roll assembly 42.

As shown, the molten glass 28 flows from the downcomer 36 into the inlet38 which leads to the forming vessel 40 which is typically made from aceramic or a glass-ceramic refractory material. The forming vessel 40includes an opening 44 that receives the molten glass 28 which flowsinto a trough 46 and then overflows and runs down two lengthwise sides48 (only one side shown) before fusing together at what is known as aroot 50. The root 50 is where two lengthwise sides 48 come together andwhere the two overflow walls of molten glass 28 rejoin (e.g., refuse) toform the glass sheet 12 which is then drawn downward by the pull rollassembly 42. The glass sheet cools as it is drawn, transitioning from amolten state at the root, to a visco-elastic state and finally to anelastic state. The pull roll assembly 42 delivers the drawn glass sheet12 which, at the bottom of the isopipe is substantially flat, but whichlater in the process may develop a slightly bowed or curved shape acrossthe width and/or length of the glass sheet 12. This bowed shape mayremain in the glass sheet 12 all the way to the TAM 24. The TAM 24 has alaser-mechanical scoring device 52 and a nosing device 54 which are usedto score the drawn glass sheet so it can then be separated into distinctpieces of glass sheets 56. The TAM 24 is located in the elastic regionof the sheet in an area referred to herein as a bottom of the draw 58.

More specifically, FIG. 2 (Prior Art) is a schematic view showing alaser scoring process at the TAM for use on a hot glass sheet 12. Theglass sheet has a major surface 60, a first side 62 and a second side64. Laser scoring and quenching occur from the first side to the secondside, or vice versa, across the width of the glass. A laser beam isformed by using a laser 68, such as a stationary CO₂ laser mounted tothe floor 70, to form a laser beam 72. The laser beam is expanded (notshown) and redirected, for example, using two mirrors 74 into an opticalhead 76. There the laser beam may then be transformed by one or morelenses 78, such as a pair of cylindrical lenses, to form a laser beamhaving an elliptical footprint. The laser beam is then redirected usinga mirror 82 onto the major surface 60 of the glass. The laser beamhaving the elliptical footprint is used to heat the glass sheet in alocalized area along the desired line of separation or score line 84.The optical head moves across the width of the glass sheet along alinear slide 86 while the TAM 24 travels vertically (along path 88) thesame speed as the glass sheet (which is moving along path 90) such thatthere is no relative motion between the TAM and the glass.

FIG. 2 shows the optical head 76 and a quenching nozzle assembly 92 infront of it, which are movable along the linear slide of the TAM formovement across the width of the glass. This figure shows the devices inan initial position at the first side 62 for laser scoring and quenchingand then toward the second side 64, shows the affected areas of theglass resulting from laser scoring and quenching. The glass sheet isfirst nicked or scored at 96 along one edge of the glass sheet by amechanical scribe (not shown). This crack initiation point is then usedto form a crack 98, by movement of the laser beam across the glass sheetand then quenching with a cooling stream in the path of the desired lineof separation. The figure shows the laser beam position after it passesthe mechanical nick made in the glass. The laser beam spot 66 travelsacross the width of the glass sheet to trace the path of the scoreline84. The beam is moved relative to the glass at a speed on the order of200 to 1000 millimeters per second. As the laser beam heats the surfaceof the glass, the nozzle assembly 92 following a close distance behind atail of the laser spot 66 sprays the glass with a jet of highly cohesivewater 100. When performed with the correct thermal balance (taking intoaccount beam profile, beam energy, process speed, water volume and thedistance between the water nozzle behind the beam) this rapid cooling ofthe glass surface generates a tensile stress sufficient to generate amedian crack 98 from the preexisting starter defect (crack initiationpoint) and propagates it across the glass surface toward the second side64 at process speeds. The crack extends only partway into the thicknessof the glass. A conventional robotic apparatus below the TAM (not shown)holds the sheet with suction cups, bends the sheet and breaks it alongthe score line. The TAM 24 operates in cycles, the cycle beginning atthe first side 62 of the glass at a location that is above the locationwhere the glass will be bent and separated. The optical head 76 andquenching nozzle assembly 92 move along the score line from the firstend 62 toward the second side 64 of the glass, while the glass and theTAM continue to travel vertically downward at the same rate. The TAMthen reaches the end of its stroke at the second side 64 once the laserscoring and quenching processes are completed. The glass bending iscarried out along the score line and the robotic equipment located nearbut below the score line at this point of downward travel of the sheet,separates an individual glass sheet from the ribbon. The TAM movesupward, returning to the beginning of the stroke at the first side 62 ofthe glass.

SUMMARY

When quenching a hot glass sheet during laser scoring, the release ofwater from the water nozzle must be precisely controlled. If the waterjet sputters, even for a microsecond, during the quenching process thequenching of the glass sheet will be discontinuous. This sporadiccondition is unacceptable since when the water flow is stopped,quenching is stopped, and the crack that is propagated across the glasssheet is therefore also stopped. This causes the laser scoring processto fail. During scoring, it is imperative that neither the laser beamnor the corresponding quench nozzle flow is interrupted so that thelocal stress riser they create, as they traverse the glass in concert,is not disrupted. The crack is propagated along this stress riser acrossthe sheet width, cleaving it from its parent sheet assisted by a bendingoperation. If an interruption in quench spraying occurs, local sheetcracks or entire ribbon cracking in the glass could occur due tounsuccessful separation. The water flow must “guillotine” on and offwhen desired. If water dribbles out from the nozzle after the water flowfrom the nozzle is turned off, it might contact a quality region of theglass, resulting in potential weakening of the glass there and likelyscrapping of that section of glass sheet. Continuous beads (thickenedareas of glass) are formed along the outer periphery of the first andsecond sides 62, 64 of the glass where the pull rollers contact theglass. A quality region of the glass is the major surfaces of the glassbetween the beads.

A sporadic flow of quenching water can occur as a result of the highheat of the draw radiating on the water nozzle and the surrounding waterconveyance tubing. It was discovered that due to this heating, the airsolubility of the water in the nozzle and accompanying water supplytubing was changing, causing the dissolved air in the supply water tooutgas and form air spaces or air bubbles in the tubing, nozzle body andnozzle tip. This disclosure will often refer to this as air bubbles ormicrobubbles for simplicity even if air spaces or air pockets occurred.These air bubbles accumulated, which in turn raised two issues. First,if large enough, these air bubbles covered the nozzle orifice and causedan interruption in water flow out of the nozzle. Second, the presence ofair bubbles caused an undesirable delay in the time required to turn onor turn off the nozzle at the end of the scoring stroke. This in turnundesirably caused the water stream to continue flowing and to strikethe next glass sheet in the quality area as the system traversed back toits home position.

Both of these behaviors are fundamentally caused by small bubbles ormicrobubbles on the order of several tens to hundreds of microns in sizebeing present in the water system, which are generated at elevatedtemperatures due to air solubility change in the water. Bubbles occurwhen air comes out of solution due to the high temperature of the watercaused by the proximity of the water nozzle to the hot glass sheet. Thesheet may be at a temperature of, for example, about 400° C. Theoutgassed air forms bubbles that coalesce in a region near the nozzle.This coalescing occurs while the water is passing through the nozzleassembly. Due to the nozzle geometry, these air bubbles may remain forhours within the nozzle body/nozzle tip before they grow large enough topartially purge out the orifice tip. Since air seeks its highest pointit travels to the location in the nozzle above the tip. Air will notordinarily come out of the nozzle tip. Once some bubbles are formed theycan accumulate to form larger bubbles or air spaces. These largerbubbles become compressed when the nozzle operates at a high pressure.Then, when the water flow through the spray nozzle is turned off, thenow compressed larger bubbles expand as the system returns toatmospheric pressure, which undesirably displaces water from the nozzle.

In general, a system for preventing gas from occupying a spray nozzleused in quenching a sheet of hot glass during a scoring process includesa source of pressurized quenching liquid. A main liquid supply lineleads from the pressurized quenching liquid source. A spray nozzleincludes a body having a nozzle passageway in communication with themain liquid supply line. A tip is connected to the nozzle body incommunication with the nozzle passageway. The tip has an orifice adaptedto release a jet of the quenching liquid for quenching the sheet whenthe spray nozzle is positioned in proximity to the sheet. Means forremoving gas from the quenching liquid prevents the gas from occupyingthe spray nozzle. As discussed below, this means for removing gas caninclude one, more or all of a purging nozzle, a purging nozzle thatpre-stages bubbles, a cooling coil and a gas filter.

In a first embodiment the means for removing gas features a system forquenching a sheet of hot glass, for example, during laser scoring usinga spray nozzle having a purging function (i.e., a purge nozzle). Thepurge nozzle has a purge opening located at an upper portion of thenozzle in communication with the nozzle passageway. A purge line leadsfrom the purge opening to a discharge location remote from the purgenozzle. A tip is connected to the purge nozzle having an orifice forreleasing a jet of quenching liquid for quenching the scored hot glasssheet. The purge opening is much larger than the tip orifice. A primary(e.g., solenoid) valve is disposed in the main liquid supply line. Asecondary (e.g., solenoid) valve is disposed between the remotedischarge location and the spray nozzle. A programmable logic controllersends electrical signals to the primary and secondary solenoids foropening and closing the primary and secondary valves during quenchingand purging.

An air accumulator or stand tube is disposed upstream of the primarysolenoid at an elevated position. The air accumulator has an air purgeopening. A purge valve can be located in the air purge opening of theair accumulator for manual or PLC-controlled purging of large airbubbles that accumulate here especially upon initial set-up of thesystem.

The purging system described in this disclosure actively removesdissolved gasses (e.g., air) from a liquid media (e.g., deionizedwater). Although the purging system is applicable to other quenchingliquids besides water, and to other outgases besides air, for the sakeof clarity this disclosure will refer to the quenching liquid as waterand to outgases as air.

The purge nozzle removes air bubbles from the water stream such that thewater flow is not interrupted out of the tip of the nozzle assemblywhile it traverses the hot glass during quenching. This is accomplishedby placing the purge opening in the top portion of the nozzle body inthe area where the micro air bubbles coalesce and stagnate in the nozzlebody and nozzle tip region. The purge opening is controlled with thepurge line solenoid valve. When the purge line solenoid valve is open,air bubbles are redirected from the purge nozzle out of the purge line.The redirected flow evacuates the stagnated area from the nozzle body,sweeping out the troublesome air bubbles from this region and discardingthem.

Purging can be carried out when the primary solenoid is on (main waterline is open) or when it is off. If the primary solenoid is on whilepurging occurs, this is usually to remove gross bubble formation fromthe purge nozzle. While the purging occurs water flows out of the tiporifice. For the purge to work correctly, the main orifice of the nozzletip must be sized such that liquid flow still exits the tip orificeduring purging. If flow is not maintained through the tip orifice duringthe purge cycle, ambient air will be pulled back through the tip orificeand into the nozzle body, effectively negating the air purge thathappens on that cycle. If the primary solenoid is off (main water lineis closed), as in normal purging, then the amount of the water and airmixture removed through the purge opening must be less than an amountthat would cause air to enter the purge nozzle through the tip orifice.Normally, this is not a concern as the purge valve is open for only onthe order of about 50 milliseconds.

Once the purging nozzle is installed and the purging is operational, thenozzle tip operates normally (i.e., like at room temperature) eventhough the 400° C. glass ribbon is just inches away from the nozzlebody. Due to the radiant heating of the nozzle body and nozzle tip fromthe glass ribbon, the uncooled nozzle assembly temperature is maintainedat about 65° C. At this elevated temperature the air solubility issignificantly reduced compared to room temperature, which reduces thewater's ability to hold in solution the naturally dissolved air itcontained at 25° C.

The purging cycle can be executed each cycle (e.g., 1 time every 23seconds), or it can be executed at any timing required. The purge timingis fundamentally based on air bubble growth rate (dissolved air versusoperating temperature). If the air bubble growth rate increases, thecorresponding timing for the frequency and/or duration of the purgecycle can also be increased. We can monitor water pressure in the purgenozzle as an indication of air bubble size to adjust this purgingduration and frequency.

In a second embodiment the means for removing gas features a purgingnozzle body in which the nozzle passageway includes a sloped surfacethat extends at an upward angle in a direction from the tip toward thepurge opening. The sloped surface is at a suitable angle for causing themicrobubbles to pre-stage near the purge opening, for example, about 8°from horizontal. Microbubbles move along the sloped surface of thenozzle passageway toward the purge opening during the quenchingoperation. It will be appreciated that various shapes of sloped surfacesand angles of slopes thereof can be used so long as they assist inpre-staging the bubbles for removal near the purge opening. While notwanting to be bound by theory, the microbubbles are normally resistantto movement due to the surface tension of the bubbles for the interiornozzle body and the pressure of the water passing through the purgenozzle during the normal quenching operation. However, once the purgevalve is opened, the bubbles are removed from the interior of the nozzlebody, out the purge opening into the purge line and to the dischargelocation where they are vented to the atmosphere. Normally, the bubblesaccumulate into larger sized elongated bubbles that at upper surfacestake the shape of the interior sloped surface as they approach the purgeopening. Near the purge opening the air may exist as one or both of anair space or bubbles. Ideally, all of the bubbles are removed from thepurge nozzle during each purging. However, some bubbles may remain inthe purge nozzle after purging and can be tolerated so long as they donot cause stream interruption. Normally, air bubbles remain in the purgeline between the purge opening and the purge solenoid valve betweenpurgings.

In a third embodiment the means for removing gas features a cooling coilor helix extending in the spray nozzle around the nozzle passageway.Although the cooling coil is shown and discussed in a purge nozzle forthe sake of clarity, it could also be used in a spray nozzle having nopurge opening. The cooling coil has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet.Coolant is passed into the fluid inlet, travels through the coil,through the nozzle body around the nozzle passageway and then is removedfrom the fluid outlet, which cools the quenching liquid passing throughthe nozzle passageway. This increases the solubility of the gas in thequenching liquid in the spray nozzle, avoiding bubble formation there.The cooling coil feature can be used alone or in combination with one ormore of the purge nozzle, purge nozzle with pre-staging of bubbles, andthe gas filter discussed below. The coolant can be recirculated orcontinuously replenished into the coil in a known manner. The coolantcan be cold tap water, compressed air, a gel, or some other coolant thatenables heat transfer from the quenching fluid of the spray nozzle. Infact, all components of the purge nozzle system including the solenoidvalves can be cooled by such a circulating coil coolant system. Thepurging occurs at the end of a scoring run when the purge nozzle islocated at the second side 64 of the glass sheet. Thereafter, the liquidmay remain in the purge nozzle for a sufficient time such that thecooling coil can reduce the liquid temperature to a point at which thesolubility of the gas in the liquid is increased. By cooling thequenching liquid in the spray nozzle, more of the gas microbubbles stayin solution.

In a fourth embodiment the means for removing gas features an air filterincluding an elongated body having opposing ends. Hollow poroushydrophobic fibers extend along a length of the body between the endsand have openings at the ends. The fibers are sealed at the endsexposing the fiber openings. A fluid inlet is located at one of the endsand a fluid outlet is located at another of the ends. The fluid inletand outlet are in fluid communication with the openings of the fibers.The fluid inlet receives gas-rich quenching liquid along the main supplyline from the pressurized quenching liquid source and the fluid outletdischarges gas-depleted quenching liquid along the main supply line tothe spray nozzle. The terms gas-rich and gas-depleted are relative termsand are not intended to precisely describe the amount of gas in thequenching liquid. Vacuum ports along the length of the body are incommunication with an exterior of the fibers. A vacuum source isconnected to the vacuum ports.

A fifth embodiment features a method for preventing gas from occupying aspray nozzle used in quenching a sheet of hot glass during a scoringprocess. Provided is a source of pressurized quenching liquid, a mainliquid supply line leading from the pressurized quenching liquid source,a spray nozzle including a body having a nozzle passageway incommunication with the main liquid supply line, and a tip connected tothe nozzle body in communication with the nozzle passageway. The tip hasan orifice adapted to release a jet of the quenching liquid. A gasremoval device is used to remove gas from the quenching liquid, whichprevents the gas from occupying the spray nozzle. A jet of the quenchingliquid is sprayed through the orifice onto the sheet during a scoringprocess without interruption in the jet. Once the scoring process iscomplete, the jet of the quenching liquid is shut off without asubstantial time delay.

A method for quenching a scored sheet of hot glass using gas purgingincludes spraying a jet of the quenching liquid on the scored hot glasssheet by closing the secondary valve and by opening the primary valvewherein the pressurized liquid is fed along the main liquid supply line,along the nozzle passageway and through the tip orifice. When thequenching operation ends the purge nozzle is moved away from the glasssheet. Gas in the purge nozzle is purged by opening the secondary valveand directing the liquid through the purge opening and along the purgeline to the discharge location.

The operation of the purging valve permits subsequent instantaneous shutoff of the purge nozzle. The system purges the bubbles from the systemwhenever purging is needed. This can occur after several scoring cyclesor every scoring cycle if desired depending on the extent of the airformation in the purge nozzle. When the secondary solenoid is activated,a mixture of water and bubbles is purged from the purge nozzle. Thesecondary solenoid valve is closed, and then the water jet can beinstantaneously turned on and off even while continuing to operate inthe hot environment that is conducive to bubble formation. The TAMbegins its cycle at the top of the stroke where it moves downward alongwith the glass such that there is no relative motion between the TAM andthe glass. The initial brief mechanical scribing occurs, then the laserscoring operation is conducted at which time the primary solenoid valveis activated, releasing the jet of highly cohesive quenching water ontothe glass on a narrowly defined region of the glass trailing the laserbeam. During this time the glass sheet continues to travel downward.When the scoring is complete, the TAM finishes its downward travel. Atits downward end stroke the primary solenoid is turned off. Immediatelythereafter, the purge nozzle is opened and purging is conducted. The TAMdwells briefly (e.g., for about a second) at the end of its downward endstroke and then begins to travel back up to the starting position.Meanwhile, the glass is broken by robotic bending of the glass sheetwhile holding the glass with suction cups. The purge nozzle then arrivesat its home position.

Primary advantages of the gas removing features disclosed herein, thepurge nozzle, purge nozzle with pre-staging of bubbles, cooling coil andgas filter, include the ability to use the spray nozzle in a solid ormisting stream condition at elevated temperature without an interruptionin water flow from the nozzle. Also, the spray nozzle can deliver afluid in close proximity to a high temperature source without aninterruption in flow. The spray nozzle can operate like at roomtemperature while spraying high temperature fluid. The featuresdisclosed herein can be applied to removing various gases from variousliquids at a range of temperatures. These features also prevent airbubbles from covering the nozzle orifice opening and causing aninterruption or perturbation of water flow out of the spray nozzle.Furthermore, these features remove air bubbles from the nozzle tip suchthat shut off performance of the spray nozzle is enhanced.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 (Prior Art) is a schematic view of a prior art glassmanufacturing system which utilizes the fusion process to make a glasssheet;

FIG. 2 (Prior Art) is a schematic view of a prior art system forquenching and laser scoring a hot glass sheet;

FIG. 3 shows general components of a purge nozzle system of thisdisclosure;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a purge nozzlethat can be used in the system shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of a purge nozzlethat can be used in the system shown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken from the plane designated byarrows 6-6 shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an air filter system shown in FIG.3; and

FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken from dotted lines inFIG. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This detailed description discusses the air removal features of: thepurge nozzle, the purge nozzle with pre-staged bubbles, the purge nozzlewith cooling coil and the air filter, all used in combination. However,it will be appreciated that one or other combinations of the air removalfeatures can be used. Shown in FIG. 3 is an improved quenching nozzleassembly 92 for quenching a laser scored sheet of hot glass 12. Onecomponent of the system is a source 104 of pressurized water 105. Thesource of pressurized water is an air charged pressure pot from whichwater flow is controlled by a rotometer. A main water supply line 106leads from the pressurized water source. A purge nozzle 108 has a nozzlepassageway 110 in communication with the main water supply line. Thepurge nozzle has a nozzle body 112. A purge opening 114 is formed in thenozzle body in communication with the nozzle passageway (FIG. 4). Apurge line 116, connected to the nozzle body by a fitting, leads fromthe purge opening to a discharge location 118 remote from the purgenozzle. The nozzle body is exteriorly threaded at 120 at its front end122 (FIG. 4). A tip 124 has an orifice 126 that releases a jet of water128 at a flow rate adapted for quenching the laser scored glass sheet. Afastener 130 has a central opening 132 that receives the tip therein.The fastener has threads 134 by which it is threaded to the nozzle body,which securely connects the tip to the nozzle body. The orifice 126 hasa size, for example, on the order of 200 to 350 microns in diameterwhile the purge opening 114 has a size on the order of 0.16 cm indiameter. The purge nozzles of all embodiments described in thisdisclosure may employ a check valve (not shown) in the purge nozzlebehind the tip that prevents all air aspiration through the orifice intothe purge nozzle while permitting water flow out the orifice. A primarysolenoid valve 136 is disposed in the main water supply line 106. Asecondary solenoid valve 138 is disposed along the purge line 116between the purge nozzle and the remote discharge location. Aprogrammable logic controller PLC 140 sends electrical signals alongwire 142 to the solenoids of the primary and secondary valves 136, 138for opening and closing the primary and secondary valves when desired.

An air accumulator or stand tube 144 is disposed along the main waterline 106 upstream of the primary solenoid valve just prior to the purgenozzle. The stand tube works as a physical bubble trap for slow moving,relatively large bubble capture. The stand tube is placed at a highpointin the water delivery system. Slow moving bubbles entering the purgenozzle simply float up the stand tube due to their buoyancy versus thesurrounding water. These bubbles then accumulate over time harmlesslyrather than being passed through the purge nozzle. The stand tube has anair purge opening in which a solenoid valve 146 is disposed. The valve146 can be connected to the PLC via the wire 142. The valve can becontrolled manually or by the PLC to direct venting of a mixture ofwater and the captured air 148 from the system, especially air thataccumulates upon initial set-up of the system.

A gas filter 160 can be disposed along the main water supply line 106between the air charged pressure pot 104 and the purge nozzle 108,upstream of the stand tube 144. The gas filter removes gas from thequenching liquid, preventing air bubbles from collecting in the purgenozzle.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, where like parts are given like numbersthrough the several views, a second embodiment features a nozzle body112 in which the nozzle passageway 110 includes a sloped surface 150that extends at an upward angle in a direction from the tip 124 towardthe purge opening 114, when the purge opening is located at an upperportion of the purge nozzle. The sloped surface is at a suitable angle,α, for causing the microbubbles to pre-stage near the purge opening, forexample, about 8° from horizontal. Microbubbles move along the slopedsurface of the nozzle passageway to rest below the purge opening duringthe quenching operation. The bubbles accumulate to form larger bubblesor air space near and below the purge opening. Then the bubbles arepurged by ejecting water and the bubbles through the purge opening,along the purge line to the discharge location. It will be appreciatedthat various shapes of sloped surfaces and angles of slopes thereof canbe used so long as they assist in pre-staging the bubbles for removalnear the purge opening.

In a third embodiment, a cooling coil or helix 152 extends in the purgenozzle around the nozzle passageway. The cooling coil has a water inlet154 and a water outlet 156. The cooling coil extends through a length ofthe nozzle body around the nozzle passageway. Cooling water is passedinto the water inlet, travels through the coil, along the nozzle bodyand around the nozzle passageway and then is removed from the wateroutlet, which cools the water passing through the nozzle passageway. Thewater may remain in the purge nozzle for a sufficient time such that thecooling coil can reduce the water temperature to a point at which thesolubility of the air in the water is increased. By cooling water in thepurge nozzle, more of the air microbubbles stay in solution. It will beappreciated that other coolants can be used in the cooling coil besideswater, especially those adapted for use at high temperatures.

The pressure transducer 157 can be used with one or more of the purgenozzle, the purge nozzle with pre-staged bubbles, the cooling coil andthe air filter discussed below. The pressure transducer 157 (FIG. 3)produces a trace on a data acquisition system 159 showing pressure as afunction of time in the main water line 106. By examining the trace, amagnitude (amplitude) of a pressure ringing that occurs when the primaryon/off solenoid is closed is indicative of how much air is trapped inthe nozzle body near the orifice tip. The ringing amplitude changes withdirect correlation of the amount of air captured in the nozzle bodyorifice tip. If the air present increases in the nozzle body, thepressure ringing gets larger. Likewise, after a purge when the air isminimized in the nozzle body, the pressure ringing is reduced. Once thesystem is purged using the purge nozzle, pressure ringing amplitude isminimized and shut off performance is enhanced. When the control signalis given to turn the purge nozzle off, the water stops flowing instantlyfrom the purge nozzle versus slowly decaying over time. The purging ofair from the purge nozzle enables the shut off time in a system in whichair moves into the purge nozzle to approach the shut off time of asystem at room temperature with only water in the purge nozzle. Removingthe air from the purge nozzle during purging actually improves the shutoff time of the water from the orifice tip. A plotted pressure readingfrom the pressure transducer enables fine tuning as to the frequency andduration of opening of the purge valve solenoid during the normalpurging operation.

In a method for quenching a scored sheet of hot glass a jet of thequenching liquid is sprayed on the glass sheet by closing the secondaryvalve 138 and by opening the primary valve 136. The pressurized liquidis fed along the main liquid supply line, along the nozzle passagewayand through the tip orifice. After the laser scoring and quenchingprocess, the purge nozzle is moved away from the glass sheet. Gas in thepurge nozzle is purged by opening the secondary valve and directing theliquid through the purge opening 114 and along the purge line to thedischarge location. Purging normally occurs at the second side of theglass 62 but could occur at the first side 64 of the glass. Purging canoccur each cycle or multiple scoring runs could occur before normalpurging, as in the case where the cooling coil is used. One cycle, asdiscussed above means, for example, from the beginning of one scoringrun to the beginning of the next scoring run.

The PLC is programmed as to the timing and duration of the opening andclosing of the primary, secondary and optionally the stand tube solenoidvalves. The solenoid valves are fast on/off type solenoid valves asknown in the art. Purging can be carried out when the primary valve isopen or closed. First, purging can be carried out by sending signalsfrom the PLC to the secondary solenoid to open the secondary valve aftersending signals to the primary solenoid to open the primary valve. Thesecondary valve is open for a duration sufficient for removing gross airbubbles from the purge nozzle while quenching fluid passes through theorifice. Although water leaves the orifice, the purge nozzle is not nearthe glass in this operation (e.g., it is located at the first side).This purging operation may be conducted manually or at intervalsprogrammed in the PLC.

In the second more normal operation, at the end of the quenchingoperation purging is carried out by opening the secondary solenoid valveafter sending signals from the PLC to the primary solenoid to close theprimary valve. The secondary solenoid valve is slaved to the shutoff ofthe primary solenoid valve. An amount of quenching liquid removed by thepurge is less than an amount that would cause air to enter the purgenozzle through the orifice. The secondary solenoid valve would be closedafter a pre-set interval as instructed by the PLC.

The gas filter 160 can be used for removing air (or other gas) bubbles162 from water or other quenching liquid 105. For simplicity, furtherdiscussion will focus on removing air from water. For example, onesuitable device is a MEMBRANA™ micromodule filter for removing a gasfrom liquid. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the gas filter has an elongatedbody 163 in the form of a cartridge. A plurality of small tubes orhollow fibers 164 made of hydrophobic material extend along a length ofthe body between end caps 166, 168. In one end cap 168 there is a waterinlet 170 and in the other end cap 166 there is a water outlet 172 thatare exposed to open ends of the fibers. The fibers are sealed in the endcaps so that water is forced along the hollow interior of the fibers.Two gas outlet ports 174, 176 are present for removing air bubbles undera vacuum from the filter. A vacuum source 173 is connected to gas outletports 174, 176 by tubing 175, 177.

The air-rich water enters the water inlet 170 and travels along thehollow fibers 164. While the water is in the fibers, the vacuum appliedalong the gas outlet ports 174, 176 draws air bubbles 162 from the water105 through pores 178 in the walls of the fibers in the direction of thearrows to a space 179 exterior of the fibers and then out the gas outletports 174, 176. Because the fibers are hydrophobic, water is notpermitted to pass through them. By the time the water reaches the wateroutlet, it has a substantial amount of air removed from it. The waterwith depleted air then exits the filter through water outlet 172 andtravels along the main water line to the purge nozzle. Operating thepurge nozzle at high temperatures with the reduced air content due tothe filter device now avoids bubble formation that would normally occurwhen the water includes insoluble air. The gas filter can be used alonewith an ordinary nozzle, without cooling coils and without the stagingof bubbles design, or it can be used in combination with one, more orall of the disclosed gas removal features.

The shut off performance enhancement is due to the compressibility ofair versus water. If air is present in the nozzle body when the primaryon/off solenoid is turned on, the air cannot escape through the nozzleorifice due to its size and location in the body. Consequently, it hasno choice but to be compressed by the water pressure that is forcing thewater through the tip orifice. Once the primary solenoid is turned off,however, ambient air pressure is returned to the nozzle body cavity viathe tip orifice. When this occurs the bubble relaxes and returns to itsnormal size at ambient pressure. This process in turn forces water outthe tip orifice, effectively causing a time delay in the shut offperformance of the purge nozzle. Since water is not compressible but airis, this slow shut off performance occurs only if air is present. If noair bubbles or a reduced amount of air bubbles are present in the nozzlebody, such as when using one or more of the purge nozzle, the purgenozzle with pre-staging of bubbles feature, the purge nozzle withcooling coil, or the gas filter, nozzle shut-off performance will remainconsistent across a wide range of temperatures. This level of processcontrol contributes to the success of laser scoring.

EXAMPLE

This example describes operation of the purge nozzle. The following is apre-purging sequence. The pre-purging sequence is conducted only toremove gross air bubbles from the system such as when a nozzle tip isreplaced or during system start up. First, the primary solenoid valve isturned off and the purge or secondary solenoid is turned off. The waterpressure is on. The water supply pressure within the laser scoringenvironment ranges from about 3 to 70 psi. The pressure is provided byan air charged pressure pot. The pressure transducer reports pressure asa function of time in the water line. The air accumulator purge valve isclosed. Next, the primary solenoid is turned on. The air accumulatorvalve is open for 5 seconds and then closed. The secondary solenoid ison for about 10 seconds at 10 hertz oscillation. This creates turbulentflow in the purge nozzle to disrupt bubbles located there. The secondarysolenoid is then turned off. The primary solenoid is turned off. Thesystem is now ready for normal running sequence.

In preparing for the normal running sequence, the primary solenoid isoff. The secondary solenoid is off. The water pressure is turned on. Thewater supply pressure within the laser scoring environment ranges fromabout 3 to 70 psi. The pressure transducer is reporting. The stand tubeis closed. The purge nozzle is now ready for use.

During normal operation, the optical head is at the first side of theglass; the primary solenoid is turned on. Water flows through theorifice out the nozzle tip and remains on for the desired duration ofquenching during laser scoring. The TAM application has, for example, a23 second cycle time (i.e., from the starting home position at the firstside of the glass, through quenching during laser scoring, to the endposition at the second side of the glass and returning to home). Whenquenching during laser scoring, the flow rate of the water jet from thetip orifice is 10 to 20 ml/min. Quenching occurs at a rate of up toabout 1000 mm/sec and for a glass width of about 1500 mm. Afterquenching the primary solenoid is turned off. Water flow out the purgenozzle ceases immediately. Immediately thereafter, the secondarysolenoid is turned on, being slave triggered to the primary solenoid.The TAM begins to move toward its home position at an upward location atthe first side of the glass. The secondary solenoid remains on for adesired duration (e.g., 50 milliseconds). This can remove about 1 ml ofa mixture of water and air bubbles, for example. Waste water and air arepurged to the discharge location during purging. The secondary solenoidis then turned off. The system is now ready for another cycle ofquenching during laser scoring.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for preventing gas from occupying aspray nozzle, comprising: providing a source of pressurized liquid, amain liquid supply line leading from said pressurized liquid source, aspray nozzle including a body having a nozzle passageway incommunication with said main liquid supply line, and a tip connected tosaid nozzle body in communication with said nozzle passageway, said tiphaving an orifice adapted to release a jet of said liquid, and a gasremoval device adapted to remove gas from said liquid; removing gas fromsaid liquid using said gas removal device to prevent said gas fromoccupying said spray nozzle; spraying a jet of said liquid through saidtip orifice without interruption in said jet, wherein said gas removaldevice comprises a purge opening at an upper location of said spraynozzle in fluid communication with said nozzle passageway; a purge lineleading from said purge opening to a discharge location remote from saidnozzle purging gas in said nozzle, a primary valve disposed in said mainliquid supply line and a secondary valve disposed between said spraynozzle and said discharge location; said method further comprisingremoving said gas by opening said secondary valve and directing saidliquid through said purge opening and along said purge line to saiddischarge location.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprisingproviding a primary solenoid, a secondary solenoid, and a programmablelogic controller (PLC), and sending electrical signals from said PLC tosaid primary solenoid for opening and closing said primary valve and tosaid secondary solenoid for opening and closing said secondary valve. 3.The method of claim 2, further comprising purging by sending saidelectrical signals from said PLC to said primary solenoid to open saidprimary valve, and sending said electrical signals from said PLC to saidsecondary solenoid to open said secondary valve, said secondary valvebeing open for a duration sufficient for removing gross air bubbles fromsaid nozzle while fluid passes through said tip orifice.
 4. The methodof claim 2, further comprising purging by sending said electricalsignals from said PLC to said primary solenoid to close said primaryvalve, automatically opening said secondary valve upon said closing ofsaid primary valve, and closing said secondary valve after apredetermined time interval, wherein an amount of liquid removed by saidpurging is less than an amount that would cause air to enter said nozzlethrough said orifice.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said nozzlepassageway comprises a sloped surface that extends at an upward angle ina direction from said tip toward said purge opening, said method furthercomprising moving bubbles of said gas along said sloped surface of saidnozzle passageway from near said tip toward said purge opening and thenpurging said liquid and said bubbles through said purge opening, alongsaid purge line to said discharge location.
 6. The method of claim 1,further comprising a cooling coil that extends in said nozzle bodyaround said nozzle passageway, said cooling coil having a fluid inletand a fluid outlet, said method further comprising passing coolant intosaid fluid inlet, through the coil, through said nozzle body and aroundsaid nozzle passageway and removing said coolant from said fluid outletto remove said gas from said liquid by cooling said liquid passingthrough said nozzle passageway and increasing a solubility of said gasin said liquid.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step offlowing bubbles of said gas from said main liquid line into a stand tubethat is elevated relative to said main line between said pressurizedliquid source and said spray nozzle and then removing said gas from saidstand tube.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein said nozzle passagewaycomprises a sloped surface that extends at an upward angle in adirection from said tip toward said purge opening, said method furthercomprising moving bubbles of said gas along said sloped surface of saidnozzle passageway from near said tip toward said purge opening and thenpurging said liquid and said bubbles through said purge opening, alongsaid purge line to said discharge location.
 9. The method of claim 1,further comprising: providing an air filter including an elongated bodyhaving opposing ends, hollow porous hydrophobic fibers extending along alength of said body between said ends and being sealed at said ends toexpose openings in said fibers at said ends, a fluid inlet at one ofsaid ends and a fluid outlet at another of said ends in fluidcommunication with said fiber openings, said fluid inlet being in fluidcommunication with said main supply line from said pressure source andsaid fluid outlet being in fluid communication with said main supplyline leading to said nozzle, vacuum ports along the length of said bodyin communication with an exterior of said fibers, and a vacuum sourceconnected to said vacuum ports, passing gas-rich said liquid, from saidpressurized source of said liquid into said fluid inlet, and along aninterior of said fluid fibers; applying a vacuum from said vacuum sourcepulling gas from said liquid through the pores of said fibers, andremoving said gas through said vacuum ports; and passing gas-depletedsaid liquid through said fluid outlet, into said main liquid supply lineand to said spray nozzle.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein said nozzlepassageway comprises a sloped surface that extends at an upward angle ina direction from said tip toward said purge opening, said method furthercomprising moving bubbles of said gas along said sloped surface of saidnozzle passageway from near said tip toward said purge opening and thenpurging said liquid and said bubbles through said purge opening, alongsaid purge line to said discharge location.
 11. The method of claim 9,further comprising the step of flowing bubbles of said gas from saidmain liquid line into a stand tube that is elevated relative to saidmain line between said pressurized liquid source and said spray nozzleand then removing said gas from said stand tube.
 12. The method of claim11, wherein said nozzle passageway comprises a sloped surface thatextends at an upward angle in a direction from said tip toward saidpurge opening, said method further comprising moving bubbles of said gasalong said sloped surface of said nozzle passageway from near said tiptoward said purge opening and then purging said liquid and said bubblesthrough said purge opening, along said purge line to said dischargelocation.
 13. A method for preventing gas from occupying a spray nozzle,comprising: providing a source of pressurized liquid, a main liquidsupply line leading from said pressurized liquid source, a spray nozzleincluding a body having a nozzle passageway in communication with saidmain liquid supply line, and a tip connected to said nozzle body incommunication with said nozzle passageway, said tip having an orificeadapted to release a jet of said liquid, and a gas removal deviceadapted to remove gas from said liquid; removing gas from said liquidusing said gas removal device to prevent said gas from occupying saidspray nozzle; spraying a jet of said liquid through said tip orificewithout interruption in said jet; and flowing bubbles of said gas fromsaid main liquid line into a stand tube that is elevated relative tosaid main line between said pressurized liquid source and said spraynozzle and then removing said gas from said stand tube.
 14. The methodof claim 13, further comprising a cooling coil that extends in saidnozzle body around said nozzle passageway, said cooling coil having afluid inlet and a fluid outlet, said method further comprising passingcoolant into said fluid inlet, through the coil, through said nozzlebody and around said nozzle passageway and removing said coolant fromsaid fluid outlet to remove said gas from said liquid by cooling saidliquid passing through said nozzle passageway and increasing asolubility of said gas in said liquid.
 15. The method of claim 13,further comprising: providing an air filter including an elongated bodyhaving opposing ends, hollow porous hydrophobic fibers extending along alength of said body between said ends and being sealed at said ends toexpose openings in said fibers at said ends, a fluid inlet at one ofsaid ends and a fluid outlet at another of said ends in fluidcommunication with said fiber openings, said fluid inlet being in fluidcommunication with said main supply line from said pressure source andsaid fluid outlet being in fluid communication with said main supplyline leading to said nozzle, vacuum ports along the length of said bodyin communication with an exterior of said fibers, and a vacuum sourceconnected to said vacuum ports, passing gas-rich said liquid, from saidpressurized source of said liquid into said fluid inlet, and along aninterior of said fluid fibers; applying a vacuum from said vacuum sourcepulling gas from said liquid through the pores of said fibers, andremoving said gas through said vacuum ports; and passing gas-depletedsaid liquid through said fluid outlet, into said main liquid supply lineand to said spray nozzle.
 16. A method for preventing gas from occupyinga spray nozzle, comprising: providing a source of pressurized liquid, amain liquid supply line leading from said pressurized liquid source, aspray nozzle including a body having a nozzle passageway incommunication with said main liquid supply line, and a tip connected tosaid nozzle body in communication with said nozzle passageway, said tiphaving an orifice adapted to release a jet of said liquid, and a gasremoval device adapted to remove gas from said liquid; removing gas fromsaid liquid using said gas removal device to prevent said gas fromoccupying said spray nozzle; spraying a jet of said liquid through saidtip orifice without interruption in said jet; providing an air filterincluding an elongated body having opposing ends, hollow poroushydrophobic fibers extending along a length of said body between saidends and being sealed at said ends to expose openings in said fibers atsaid ends, a fluid inlet at one of said ends and a fluid outlet atanother of said ends in fluid communication with said fiber openings,said fluid inlet being in fluid communication with said main supply linefrom said pressure source and said fluid outlet being in fluidcommunication with said main supply line leading to said nozzle, vacuumports along the length of said body in communication with an exterior ofsaid fibers, and a vacuum source connected to said vacuum ports, passinggas-rich said liquid, from said pressurized source of said liquid intosaid fluid inlet, and along an interior of said fluid fibers; applying avacuum from said vacuum source pulling gas from said liquid through thepores of said fibers, and removing said gas through said vacuum ports;and passing gas-depleted said liquid through said fluid outlet, intosaid main quenching liquid supply line and to said spray nozzle.
 17. Themethod of claim 16, further comprising a cooling coil that extends insaid nozzle body around said nozzle passageway, said cooling coil havinga fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, said method further comprising passingcoolant into said fluid inlet, through the coil, through said nozzlebody and around said nozzle passageway and removing said coolant fromsaid fluid outlet to remove said gas from said liquid by cooling saidliquid passing through said nozzle passageway and increasing asolubility of said gas in said liquid.